The university boasts well-established teaching and research platforms as well as practical training bases. It is home to the National Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), the National Key Laboratory of Woody Oil Resource Utilization (Northeast Forestry University), the National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Ecological Utilization of Biological Resources, and the Mao’ershan Forest Ecosystem National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station in Heilongjiang. It operates four key laboratories under the Ministry of Education, focusing on forest plant ecology, biomass materials science and technology, the restoration and reconstruction of saline-alkali vegetation in Northeast China, and the sustainable management of forest ecosystems. The university also hosts five key laboratories of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, the Felid Research Center, 16 key laboratories in Heilongjiang Province, and five provincial international cooperation laboratories. In addition, it has two engineering research centers under the Ministry of Education and two discipline innovation and talent introduction bases for higher education institutions. The university operates three national-level experimental teaching demonstration centers (forestry, forest engineering, and wildlife), two national virtual simulation experimental teaching centers (forest engineering and wildlife), and six provincial-level experimental teaching demonstration centers. It also includes two field scientific observation and research stations under the Ministry of Education and four ecosystem positioning research stations under the National Forestry and Grassland Administration. In the humanities and social sciences, it hosts three provincial research bases for philosophy and social sciences, six key research bases for humanities and social sciences in higher education institutions, and two provincial think tanks. Furthermore, the university has three long-term research bases approved by the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, as well as specialized facilities, including the Wildlife and Plant Testing Center and the Engineering Quality Supervision and Testing Center, both of which are under the same administration. It has established one overseas innovation and practice base for graduate students, one national-level demonstration base for joint professional degree training, and 218 off-campus graduate innovation and practice bases.

In 2020, the Mao’ershan Experimental Forest Farm, Liangshui Experimental Forest Farm, and the Forest Museum were selected as part of the fifth batch of national forestry and grassland science popularization bases. The Forest Museum was also upgraded to a “National Second-Class Museum.” In 2021, the university established the Northeast Asia Biodiversity Research Center and the Carbon Neutrality Technology Innovation Institute.