The College of Science is the primary unit for mathematics and physics education and scientific research at Northeast Forestry University. Its origins trace back to the Basic Education Department, which was established during the university’s founding. Following the reinstatement of the national college entrance examination in 1977, the Teacher Education Division was established under the Basic Education Department, initiating undergraduate enrollment for a mechanics teacher training program that same year. The mathematics major began enrollment in 1980, followed by the physics major in 1982. In 1984, the Basic Education Department was restructured into three independent departments: Mathematics, Physics, and Foreign Languages. In 1991, the Mathematics Department, Physics Department, and the Chemistry Teaching and Research Office from the former Forest Products Chemical Engineering Department merged to form the Teachers College, which was renamed the College of Science in 2003. In 2019, the Chemistry Department was transferred to the School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Resource Utilization, while the current College of Science was reorganized from the Mathematics and Physics Departments.

The college offers two first-level discipline master’s programs in Mathematics and Optical Engineering, and one professional master’s degree program in Applied Statistics. It also operates nine teaching and research sections, two laboratories, and two application and innovation centers.

The college employs 86 faculty and staff members, including 12 professors, 58 doctoral degree holders, four doctoral supervisors, and two university-level distinguished teachers.

The College of Science is responsible for teaching mathematics and physics foundational courses for 56 of the university’s 66 undergraduate programs and providing specialized education for its three undergraduate majors. It offers nine mathematics and physics foundational courses university-wide and 94 specialized and elective courses for its students, with an annual teaching workload exceeding 33,000 credit hours—the highest among all colleges at the university. Faculty achievements include one National Teaching Achievement Award (Second Class), one Provincial Teaching Achievement Special Prize, six Provincial First Prizes, eight Provincial Second Prizes, 24 published textbooks and monographs, participation in 16 National Natural Science Foundation projects, over 600 SCI/EI-indexed research papers, 79 authorized national patents, a 2020 Provincial Department of Education Science and Technology Progress Award, and two First Prizes in the Heilongjiang Provincial Young Faculty Teaching Competition (Science Category).

The college’s three undergraduate programs consistently rank among the university’s top disciplines in first-tier college entrance examination application and admission scores, with student employment and postgraduate enrollment rates remaining at the university’s highest levels. Emphasizing innovation and entrepreneurship, the college annually trains and mentors over 3,000 students for national and international competitions, including the National Undergraduate Mathematics Competition (182 national first prizes), China Undergraduate Mathematical Contest in Modeling (five national first prizes), China Graduate Mathematical Contest in Modeling (one national first prize), Mathematical Contest in Modeling (139 meritorious awards), the "Challenge Cup" National Competition (one national second prize in "Black Tech" exhibition), National Photoelectric Design Competition (two national second prizes), National Physics Experiment Competition (two national second prizes), and China Undergraduate Physics Tournament (one national second prize). These accomplishments position the college’s competition achievements among the forefront of agricultural and forestry universities nationwide.